ࡱ> U6Z\^|rtvxz | ~ r tvxz|~RTVXZ\^`bdfh j!!l""n##p$$r%%t&&v''x((z))|**~++,,r--t..v//x00z11|22~3344R55!"  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entryb.@p@q  PerfectOffice_MAIN&yPerfectOffice_OBJECTS,@} @} SummaryInformation( !"#$%&'()*,-./0123Oh+'Oh+'0l |  Defre 2YC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Programs\Masters\color\darkblue.mst Owner74tCC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\programs\prwin9.exe/' Original Slide Show=  !"#$%')*+,-./0123456789:;<=>Arial@dh3 w@h/5Arial BoldWPCy ~ 1+59548:8@8_% % % % ƕ|"XXXX'33' >?;WhwR17A  \ <- "#5 &&p''-n/e06145tf69:~:< >WAplBBD'FI~0KP.=RTxyT UMZU4VVXyXYP \\^dkWmmxbnnR5ot{@uvJ,~WPC '$% '2  I  .3  PrecipitationpatternsfortheSierraNevadaAndforecastingapplications....2  1  .3  ̀AlexTardyMeteorologistWFOSaltLakeCity(formerlySacramento)'& '2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3  Sierra=MountainsNevada=Snowcovered'!= ('2  I  .3  GOES-100000UTC8November2002"!  )"2  I  .3  '!" '2  I  .3  LassenParkroadonApril18,2000around7500feet'D '2  I  .3  December52001GOESIRat1630UTCHeavysnow....2  1  .3  WarmairadvectioneventsCase1'M '2  I  .3  Eta500-mbgeopotentialheightanalysis̀at1200UTC5December....2  1  .3  Totalsnow22inchesatSugarBowl(nearNordenorDonnerPass)̀and8inchesatAlta(4000feet)BrushCreek3.45inches....BucksLake2.72....BlueCanyon2.20'[ '2  I  .3  Veeringwindswithheight....2  1  .3  KDAXVADwindprofilefrom1451to1550UTC5December2001Windsveeredgreatlywithheight'! '2  I  .3  GOESwatervaporimageat1430UTC5December....2  1  .3  Extensiveandmoistwarmfrontmoving̀intonorthernCalifornia#I #2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3  Overview..2  A  .3  SignificantprecipitationintheSierraNevadafrom  @warmadvectionforcing  @..2  A  .3  700mb30to40kt  @westerlywindupslope  @enhancement," ,2  I  .3     Case2  @Etageopotentialheightandvorticityanalysisat0000UTCNovember222001....2  1  .3  Heavyprecipitationoccurringatthistime;  @  NVA 3 @ # @," ,2  I  .3  Eta700-mbrelativehumidity,windandtemperaturè    analysis  @at0000UTC22November....2  1  .3  Orographics:50to60kt  @  westerly  @wind-#  J -2  I  .3  Summaryofcase2..2  A  .3   @Warmairadvection  @mainforcingforheavyprecipitation,DPVA/upperdivergencetowardstheendoftheevent..2  A  .3  Plentyof  @icenuclei  @forheavyprecipitationandsnowflakeformation..2  A  .3  Deeplayermoistureto450mband  @highprecipitablewater  @forheavyrainpotential..2  A  .3   @700mb40to60ktwestwindupslope  @enhancement..2  A  .3  Highsnowlevelswithnear  @3:1ratio  @..2  A  .3   @3to5inches  @ofrainnorthernSierraNevada..2  A  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularO  @pOnly6-10inchesofwetsnowabove7500feetc&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcLLL  @#BC#2  I  .3  36-402to3:132-353to5:1̀30-325to7:128-306to8:1̀26-288to10:1̀24-2610to12:1̀22-2412to14:1̀20-2214to16:1̀18-2016to18:1̀16-1818to20:1̀14-1620to22:1̀12-1422to25:1̀10-1225to28:1̀Below1028:1orgreater....2  1  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularOLLL  @TheimportanceofsnowratiosforsnowforecastingO, \AZ"Arial RegularO 3 @ 3 @TheCSSLaverages68inchesofprecipitationeachyearand410̀inchesofsnowfall.Subtracting8inchesforthunderstormsandraiǹeventsonaverageyieldsa7to1snowtoliquidratio. 3 @ # @TheCSSLat6900feetsaysthattheiraverageis7to1. # @ # @Sousingthischarttheaveragetemperaturesduringtheheavysnowfallisbetween28-32F.NowyouseewhytheycallitSierraCement!O, \AZ"Arial RegularO  @Temperatures  @pwhereandwhenheaviestsnowisexpectedtooccur̀atagivenelevationO, \AZ"Arial RegularO 3 @ # @andcorrespondingratios # @ကTemperatureRATIO  @" "2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3  PatternsofveryheavyprecipitationinnorthernCalifornia'4 '2  I  .3  500-mbheightcompositefromApril6-82001....2  1  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularO  @pCase1O, \AZ"Arial RegularO  @ကUpperlowfrompolarmaritimeorigins'!  '2  I  .3  MSLpressureanalysiscompositefromApril6-82001' !! '2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3  24to36inchesofsnowacrosstheSierraNevada"!# "2  I  .3  500-mbheightcompositefromFebruary7-102001(K(2  I  .3  SummaryofCases1and2....2  1  .3   @48to72inchesofsnowintheSierraNevada  @from2consectutiveupperlowswith̀originsfromthepolarmaritimes  @Morethanexpected?  @..2  A  .3  Strongdynamics..2  A  .3   @Perfectdentriticformation  @incoldairclouds(-12to-18C)..2  A  .3  Verygoodsouthwestfloworographics..2  A  .3  Marginalbut  @sufficientprecipitablewater  @valuesof  @0.75inchesorlesstappedintothestorm  @..2  A  .3   @10to12:1snowratios  @" "2  I  .3  p p  Case3 p   500-mbheightcompositeDecember1to22001  @p   @Activewesterlies:amoreclassicpatterǹtoexpectlargesnowfalls" "2  I  .3  MSLpressurecompositeanalysisfrom    December1to22001  @"! "2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3  30-48inchesofsnowintheSierraNevada'   '2  I  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularOxxx  @The biggestprecipitationproducers],d9 0Times New Roman Bold]LLL  @Case4  @ကJanuary242000....2  1  .3  BlockingHIGHinwesternCanadaorthenorthernPacificand̀subtropicalPacificjetundercuttingintoCalifornia  @PineappleExpress  @and  @WarmAirAdvection  @" "2  I  .3  Pacificviewof500-mbheightsfrom̀January23-252000 p p  Splitflow  @"!  "2  I  .3  SimilartoLaNinageneralpattern,"  ,2  I  .3  LetsCompare500-mbpatterntoDecember311996majorfloodevent....2  1  .3  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc  @p  Case5c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc  @PineappleExpress  @inaneutralENSOwinter"7 ""2  I  .3  PhasedJetsNeutralSSTs  @570-dmheightsoverTahoe  @"5 #"2  I  .3  December29to311996compositeMSLpattern'89 $'2  I  .3   @  Comparetootherevents  @က  @p  Case6  @  December19-231964500-mbheightcomposite....2  1  .3  OrinthiscaseanElNinothatbecameneutralinJanuary':; %'2  I  .3  February11-221986 p @p  Case7  @  က̀NeutralENSÒ  @  49inchesofprecipatBucksLake!  @....2  1  .3  Phasedjetsandlowlatitudestormtrack#!6 #2  I  .3  SummaryofJanuary2000event(case4)....2  1  .3   @4to6feetofsnowfellintheSierraNevada...snowlevelnear6000feet  @  @4inchesofraininSacramentoRecordrainfall  @VerydryDecember1999toearlyJanuary2000 ,onlyminorfloodingoccurred  @HowevermajorfloodingoccurredinDecember1964,February1986  @,andJanuary1997  @duringasimilarpattern"' "2  I  .3  Thatisfeet!SierraatTahoe" "2  I  .3  Ԁ  @  Case8  @က500-mbheightcompositefromFebruary12-142000PacificHose!  @  @ModerateLaNina  @'N .'2  I  .3  GOESvisibleimageonFebruary122000  @  LongfetchofPacificcloudsandprecipitation  @  @....2  1  .3  Not pineappleexpress'() !'2  I  .3  Someprecipitation72hourtotals....2  1  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularO  @BucksLake......11.25inches!LaPorte.....10.56BrushCreek.....9.37BlueCanyon.....7.56GrassValley.....6.44BlackSprings.....5.87Auburn.....5.00Sacramento.....1.96O, \AZ"Arial RegularO  @  @SkiResortsreceived48to72inches̀fromBearValleytoDonnerSummit  @'<  '2  I  .3  January19-231999500-mbcomposite  @560mbgeopotentialheightsoverLakeTahoe M @M....2  1  .3  Case9" "2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularOxxx  @January18-241999O, \AZ"Arial RegularO  @  @ThewatercontentofthesnowintheSierraNevadawentfrom  @70percent  @ofnormalto  @140percent  @inoneweek  @  @...90inchesofsnowatSugarBowl/DonnerSummit...  @ThiswasprecededbyadryDecember1998andearlyJanuary1999,"  ,2  I  .3  February7to101999500-mbheightcomposite  @Classicextendedjetstream(ElNinopattern)  @....2  1  .3   @Case10  @HeavysnowfortheSierraNevada'A  '2  I  .3  SimilarpatterntoElNinowithstrongwesterlies    1998-99wasamoderatetostrongLaNina  @....2  1  .3  GeneralElNinopatternNot pineappleexpress'1 > *'2  I  .3  Decembercomposite500mbheights"@ ,"2  I  .3  December11982throughFebruary281983composite500mbheights! /2  I  .3  '? +'2  I  .3  January1throughFebruary281977̀composite500-mbheights  @  Superdryyear  @  '+, '2  I  .3  SnowseasyintheSierraNevada?....2  1  .3  NW-Nfloweventsor dryinsidesliders  @  Case1 3 @&M  @&M'! - '2  I  .3  SSM/IonMarch172002at0500UTC' . &'2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3  March165to8inchesofsnowMarch176to12inchesofsnow'01 '2  I  .3  500-mbgeopotentialheight30hforecastat0000UTC17April2002....2  1  .3  Lowprecipitablewaterinpolarjet-heavysnowevent  @Case2 3 @&M 3 @&MSimilartoNovember2eventthisyear 3 @&M'!/2 '2  I  .3  KREVsounding0000UTC17April2002....2  1  .3  0.32inchesPrecipitablewater"3  "2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3  Precipitationtotals  @CentralSierraSnowLab31inchesLassenChalet25PollockPines8  @ # @(WX(2  I  .3  NWflowor insiderslider..2  A  .3  Stillneedtoconsider # @accumulatingsnowfall  @ofseveralinchestoonefootormoreduringstrongerevents..2  A  .3  Often # @cloudmicrophysicsarenearidealfordentriticgrowth  @eventhoughmoistureismarginal;largeandmanysnowflakes..2  A  .3  # @Snowtoliquidratios  @canbehigh(drysnow12to20:1)..2  A  .3  Often # @dynamicsareverygooddespitemarginalmoisture  @,stronglyconsiderthetrackoftheshortwavetrough..2  A  .3  Orographicsareoftenweaktomaybemoderate,buttheyarethere  @  (YZ(2  I  .3  Overview..2  A  .3   @  Lookforicenuclei  @byusingthe  @topdownapproachwithobservedandforecastsoundingstopredictwinterweather  @(e.g.,precipitationtypeandintensity,wetbulbzeroheight)..2  A  .3  Considerupwardverticalmotionlocationandduration..2  A  .3  Terraineffectsandupslopeflow..2  A  .3   @Understandthecloudmicrophysics  @thatsupportdifferentprecipitationtypesandintensities..2  A  .3  Considerevaporativeand  @melting  @coolingeffectsinthelowerlevels..2  A  .3   @Stronglyconsidersnowratios  @intheforecastareaofconcern..2  A  .3  Real-time88Dsignaturesfornowcasting,"OP 0,2  I  .3  Heavysnowfallin dryandcoldairmassThundersnowintheSierraNevada?....2  1  .3  GOESwatervaporat2100UTC9November2000 # @SimilarpatternOctober31thisyear 3 @&M'Q 1'2  I  .3  500-mbgeopotentialheightanalysisat0000UTC10November'R 2'2  I  .3  GOESIRandlightningat0815UTC'S 3'2  I  .3  Eta15-hforecastatKBLUviewedinBufkit"! 4"2  I  .3  -#TUV-2  I  .3  Summaryofthundersnowcase....2  1  .3  Moresnowthanexpected..2  A  .3  Stormelectricificationmostefficientnear-10Cwheretherearemixedphasedparticles..2  A  .3  # @Cloudmicrophysics  @supportmaximum # @dentriticsnowgrowth # @..2  A  .3  Strongverticalmotionsin # @sufficientwatervapor  @..2  A  .3  Advectionofthunderstormsintosubfreezingairallowedforheavythundersnow..2  A  .3  Steeplowlevellapserates(instability)..2  A  .3  Seederfeedermechanismlikely  @"!* "2  I  .3  FreezingrainintheSierraNevada?Yup!'EF -'2  I  .3  WSEtasoundinginBufkit00z24March2003atBlueCanyon....2  1  .3  NoSnowLevelswith  @700mbtemps-6C  @?Butstillprecipitating!#HG#2  I  .3  February192002overview..2  A  .3  Soundinghas  @littlemoistureabovethe-10C  @isotherm,butnearlysaturatedbelow10,000feet..2  A  .3   @Insufficienticenuclei  @forsnowflakeformation..2  A  .3   @Upwardverticalmotion  @andorographicsareoftenweakbehindwarmfrontalpassage..2  A  .3  Iftemperaturesare32Forwarmeratthesurfaceyougetdrizzle(sometimesforhours)..2  A  .3   @Iftemperaturesaresubfreezingbelowthecloudbaseandatthesurfaceyougetfreezingdrizzleandicepellets(sometimesforseveralhours)  @..2  A  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularO  @Drizzleandfreezingdrizzleoccursmorethanwethink!!O, \AZ"Arial RegularOLLL  @L2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3   @ނ-Understandthe  @ނcloudmicrophysics  @ނinthesoundingsand̀howiteffects  @ނdentriticsnowgrowth  @ނ(useBUFKIT)-Consideryour  @ނsnowtoliquidratios  @ނ(snowdensity)-Heavyprecipitationcanoccurin  @ނwarmairadvection  @ނ-Knowthe  @ނclassicpatternsforheavyprecipitation  @ނ̀thatcanoccurin  @ނanygivenyear  @ނ-  @ނGooddynamicsinmarginalmoisture  @ނcanresultinheavysnowfall(e.g.dry insideslidersandpolarmaritimeorigins)-  @ނThundersnoworconvection  @ނcanoccurintheSierraNevada-  @ނDrizzleandfreezingdrizzle  @ނcanoccurintheSierraNevadawithsignificantimpacts 3 @&M"\ '"2  I  .3  3 @&MAlexander.Tardy@noaa.gov 3 @&MNWSWFOSaltLakeCity N;YJ(^}%~D;TXBackground Blank TitleBulleted ListTextOrg ChartData ChartCombinationWPC7T}W1%-3'XXXXKKKK5/ @1 Mf ?"""333DDDUUUfffwwwMf33MMffM&f3@MYfs3Mf̙ٳMMff3Mf&M3f@MYfs3MfMf33MMffM&f3@MYfs3MfMMff3Mf&M3f@MYfs3MfMf33MMff&M3f@MYfs3Mf̙ٳMMff3MfM&f3@MYfs3MfpJ&T0Z4`8f<k@pEzJ̉]٘p槂Ħϰֿfffffffffrffffrffffff9Ӡw&*-isA%샆f.r"GG  THS_R`TVdiX___dk__tdsolostrzvz¶0."?($;/1E16G69T64RC@T=@_B?aH@lI?iPHgQVtYVt`_a_hhyvv¨̢̯̪̰Անպ?D)G/'J4(K;3T5'T;0_A2hO:_OHtRAqXIt_P]NbQgYbTrdo_iZobtgzhyikjxtyzzģ̟£İ̥ªͪĶï԰̶̻ڻٶ´¤ڼ²ƿ修Dzв°ɹ׺п?,/7T_dr $$"0"@$*D)1M96M::S:?VIHZ:@f?FiEJhRPbJQrVUqLW{UZfavT__aif{ebcjpk_eefdmnmprlvtwtwz1*981A:6CG=NGBTdRlmu,(3%4?*?D2FiZmiz±2#(J;ATBL_IQuozï̶Զ̽L،آآآآآآآآآ碢碢آآآآآآآآ،،آآآآ،آ،آآآآآ،آآآآ،آآ،آ،آآ،،آ،碢آ碢碢آآ碢碢آآآآآآآ،آ،آآ،آآ،آآآ،آآآآآ،آآ،碝碢碝碝碢آآ碌آآآآآآآ،آآآآآآآآآآآț،،،睢睢碢آآآآآآ،آآآآآ،آ،آآآآآآ،آآآآآț،،،睢碝碝碢碢碌碢碢،آآآ،آآآآآآ،آآ،آ،آț،،،،碢碝睢睢碢碢آآ،،آ،آآ،آآآآآآآآ،آآآآ،ț،碌碌碝碌碌碌碌碢碢碢碢،آ碢碢碌،،،آآآآآآ،آآآآ،،آآ،آآآ،،،猢碝睢睢睢碝睢睢碢碢碌碢碢،آآآآ碢آ،آ،آآ،آآ،،آآآ،آ،آآآآآآ،آȢآ碌碝碝碝碝碝碝آ碢آ،،آآ،آ،آآ،آآ،آآآآ،آآȢȢț،،،碌猢碝碌睢睢碌碝،،آآآ碌آآ،آآ،آ،آآآآآ،آ،ȢKKȁآ碌猢碝猢碌碝碌碌碌猢碌碌碌碌碌碢آآ碢،،آ،آ،آآآ،آآ،،آآآ،آآآآآȢȢKț،،猢猌猢猝猢睢猢睢猝碢碌猢猢猢碌碌碢碢碌آ،آآآ،آآآ،آ،آآآ،آآآآآآآ،آȢȢJ碌猢碝猝碌猢碌碝碌碝碝碌碌碝碌碝碌碌،،،،碌碢،،،آ،آآآ،،آ،آآآ،آآȢȢKy:Kț碌猢睌睌睌睢睢睢睢碌碌碌猢碢آآ碢آآ،آآآآآآآآ،آآآآآآآIț碌碝碌碝睢碌碢猢猢碌،碌،碢آآآ،آ،آآآآآآ،آآ،ȢȢ;kKJț猢睌睢猢猝碌猢碌碢碢碢آآآآآآآآآآ،آآ،آ،آآȢ8qKț猢碌碝猢猢碌碌碌،碢،،،آآآآآ،،آ،،،،آȢK8 KKKKKKț睢猝睌睢猢،碌碌碌碌碢،碢،آ،،،،آآ،آآآآآ،KȢȢI:8/ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKț碌碌猝猝碝碌碌碌碌碌碢آ،آآ،،،،آ،آ،،،،梢ȢȢ8qKKKKKKKKKKKț睌睢睢猢猢碌碌碌،碢آ،،،،،،،آآ،آآآȢKF82KKKKKKKKKKKKț猢碌碝猝猝碌碌碌碌碢碢،،،،آ،،،آآآ،،ȌJ8kKKKKKKKKKKț碢猝碌猌猝猢睢猝碌碌碌碌碢آ،آ،،،آآآآآآFGGk-xKKKKKKKKKKKK،猢碌碌碌碌碌碌碌碢碌碌آآ،،آ،،،آ،ȢG88b KKKKKKKKKKKKț碌猌碌猢睌睢睢碌猢،碌碌猢碢碌،،،،،آ梢آآآآآآ،،GFGK月 KKKKKKKKKKKKț猝猝碌猢猝睌猝碌碌碌،碌碢آ،،،،آآ،،آآ،آآ،آآ،،،آ،KKKK؜x|k+KKKKKKKKKKKț猢猌猢睌睌猢،碌猢猢碌碌碌碌،آ،آآ،آ碢،آ،،،آ،آآآآآآآ،qF挋aF:KKKKKKKKKKKț猛睛睌猝猝猢碝碌碌碌碌碢碌آآآ碢آ،،آ،آ،آآآآآآ،آآ،梌،،،FG qqFU#؝KKKKKKKKKKKKKȝ猢睌睌猢睌猢猢猢碌،碌،碌碌碌،碢آآآ،آ،،آآآآآ،،KKGG آKKKKKKKKKKȝ猝碝碌碌碌碌،猢碌碌碢،碢،،آ碢آ،،،،،،،آ،،،آآآآ،FUFJG  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKȝ猝猝睌睢睢猢،碌،碌碢آ碌آ،،آآآآآآآآآآKKKJFJ Gͯ] KKKKKKKKKKKKKK猝猝猝碌碌碌碌،碌碌آ碢碢،،،،،،،،،،آ،،،،،،آ،،qqqqJ %%%̺KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJț猌猌猝猢猢碌碌碢碢آ،آآ،،،آآ،آآآ梢آآ梢梢آ梢梢آ  ޯ˪KKKKKț،旌猝猌猢碌碌猌碌猢碌碢،،碌،،猌،،،،،آ،،،K ߺ  țKKJKKKKKKKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK梕猌猛盌猌猢盌猢猢猢碝猢猢猢،،睌睢،،،،،،آ،،敌G  GJKKJKKKKKKKKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKJKJKK敢既猝猝盌盌猝猌猌猢碌碌碌猢猢碌猢碌،،،碌盌آ،،،،ؕKG JKKKKKKJKKJKKJKKKK梕猌猌猌盌睌睌猢碌碌猢碌猢碌猢،،،猝盛盛盌盌猌猌،،،،آآ梕手KJ qآFKJJKKKKJJKKJJJKKKKKKKKK敢猌猌猛猢猢碌碌猢猢碌،،،猌猛盝盌猝猌猌猢،،آ،،،،،敢ؕGKKJ8 о о о Ͼо  آ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK盌盝猌猢碌猢猢碌猢،،碌睌盝盌盝盝睌猌،،梕آ،آ梕梕敜KJ пп оϾ   q KKKKKKKKKKGKKJKK،،،،猌猌盛睌猌猢猢碌猢猢猌碌猌猢猌،،،،碌猢碌،盌猌猌،،،،梕KDs ппоϾо   KKKKKKKKKKKKKKFGJKKKKKKK盌盌盌猌猌盌猌猢猌猢碌碌猢猌碌碌猢猛،،آآ梕梢KKKiп оп JKKKKKKKK;x| qKKKKKKKK坛盝盛盛碌猢碌猢猢猌猢猢猢猢猢猝،挕挕،،،،挢،،،挢ؗؕ،ؕKAо о JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKyvxyJJKKKKKKKJKKK盛盝盛梕挢猌猌碝猌猢碌猢猌猌挢،آKKKKAm2 о JKKKKKKKJ||yyqKJKKKKKK猝盌盝猝KKKKKKKKKKK猛猝猌猢،،ؗ،梕ؗؕ梕既ؗ敢KKKKKKJGy8nо¿  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKGGF=8kyGGKKKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKK猝猝盝盝盝盌KKK梢睌猌猌猢猌猢猌猌猢،挌،،挢،،،آ挢梕آ梢KKJDy;: п¿ ÿKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJKKKKKCD{;8KJKKKKKKKKKK猌猝猝猌猌猌猌猌猌猌猌猢猌猌،،،挕挕،آ،梌梗梕挢挢KKKKGFKJIF?9;?Cоп о  JJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK;s{tCqKJJKKJJKKKKKKKKKK猌盛盌盌猛猛盝猝睌猢睢猌猌猌猌猌猌猌،،،،既،،،،،梌挢آ梌梕KKKKGDDJGD=88 оп   KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK;8==:xPKKKKKKKJKJKKKKKKKKKK盌猌猝盛盛盛盛盛盌睛盛盌盝猝猌猌猌猌猌،،،،،،،挢،،،梕梌،梢JKKJGGF|BBDIGDBy4H Ϻ п  +KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK{;?y;syyKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK猌猌盌盌盌盝盝盛盌盌猝猌猌猝睌猝睌猌猌猌猌猌猌挢挢آ،،FGFCCCDDID;mBF к з  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKF{{=y8KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK猌猌猌猛猌猛猛猌猝猝盌猝盌猌猌猝猝猝猌猝猝猝猝猌猌猢猌猌猌猌猌猌،،挌挌K:FDCCEGF?;?FF    ߺ ÷ KKKKKKKȢKKKKKKKK8C?xkJKKKKKKKKKKKKKJKJKKKKKKKKKț猌猌猌猌猛盌猛睌猌盌睌盌睌盌猝睌猌猌猌睌猌睌猌猌猌碌猝猝猌猌猌猌猌猌آ،KF:?FCBFF93E9  Ͼ ľ KKKKKKKJKKKKKKKKKKK;yxC{KKKJKKKKKKKKJJJJKKKKKKKț猌盌猝猝猌猝猝猝猝猌猝猌猝猢猝猝猌猝猢猌猌猌猢猢猌猌猌猌猌KG??2  о   KKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKGk8xxyk%UKGJKKKKKKKKKJJKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK猝猌睌猝睌猌猌猝睌睌睌睌睌猌睌猌睌猌猝猢猝睌猢猌猌猌猌KK8?    ޷KKKKKKKKKKKKGKKKKKKKKKKKKJyxD}t(UKJKKKKJKKKKKKJJKJJKJKKKKKKKKKK猝猌猌猝猝猝猌猌猌猌猌猌猌猌猌猌猝猌猌猌猌猌FCy84    ޱ޷JKKKKKKKKKGJKKKKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKK|nx={8x8kkU]kGKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJKJJJKKKKKJKKKKKKJKKKJKKK囌猌睌猌睌睌猌猌猝睌睌睌睌猌睌猝睢猌猌猌KJJFyC;   ¾ ÿ GKKKKKKKKKKKKJ梕Kx2pvtkKP KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJKKKKKKJKKKJKKKKKKKKKK猌猝猌猝猌猌KKJJGFC2CG|   Ͼпÿ ޯUKKKKKKKKK拈|KJGFGGGGKKGDks7sf;%KKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJKKKKKJKKKJKKKKKKKKKKK،KJF;28KFF   к Ͼ ÿ JJKqkkty TkxyJGba;UyqqKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJKJKKKKKKKKJKKKKKKKKKK旌KKKKKKKJJGGC;FJC  ϾϾ K朜q%PP"O#UUU/-yx- Ͼ Jk-. !]GKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJKKJKKKJJKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKGyxGKKIF;2DC  ϿϾϾпоо qqx| ! ٣+:q ϺϾߺϺ;- qyKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJKKKKKKKKJJKKJKJJJKJKKKJKKKKKKKKJK旌،;k8IJGy;yFKCy    ϺϾ Ͼ ߺUU%!٤"!!ʫ//ϸ޶ϸϸϷ  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJKKKJKKKKKKKKKJKKKKKKKK睌،挌Kx8{;FF>;2 JKGF:   п  !޴иϾľϾ¿и޴ JJKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJKKKKKKKJKKKKKKKKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK挕K;C?E? xKC?93   з п ɨΫ ڦз þΰ ״ KJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKJKJJJKKKKKKJKKKKKKKJKKKKJJKJKKJKKKKKKKKKKKJKK9 KGCy   ޯμμϿ̮θٞڦ  Ͼ ЯKFKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJKKKKKKKKKKJKKKKKKJKKJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK挕q0  K|: ߺ  ¿޶γαͬγα̤٤  ˫GKKKKKKKKKKKKKJKJKKKKJKKKKKJKKJJKKJKKKKJKKJKJKKKKKKKJK猌挗KJ; ξ KID:2к Ϻ  ޳αͯ޸޶ ˧GGKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJKJKKKKKKKKKKKKJKKKJKKKKKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK猌挌挗瘌既旌K  FJJGB9 Ϻߺߺߺ  Ͳκ KKKKKKKJJKKKJKKKJJKKJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK猌猌JCk |JJFBк ϺϺ  δαδ CGGGJGJKKIKKJJJJJJJKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJKKKKKJKKKKKKKK猌猌猌旌KKKGy    CGJG{ Ϻ ϺϺߺ  ޴˫  GKKKKJJJKKKJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJK猌K،既KJC F{2  ߾ߺߺ  KKKFJKKJKKKJJJJKKKJKJKJKKKKKKKGKKJJJIF; JGF8 к ߺ    ÷޺Һ KKKKKKKJKJJJJKJKJKJKJKKKJJKJKJKJKJKq旌KJJGGGGF    GC8  ޳勜KKKJJJJKJKJKJKJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK -Kؗ挌FBC?   к FF;    ÷GKKKKKJKKJKJJJJKJJJKJJJKJKJKJJKKJKJKJ;bU]#]KGC8:д   GFk ߺߺ       KKKJJKKJJJJKJKJKKKKJKJKKKKKk  !G挕挌KJGGD| Ϻ޾Ͼ޺п G8 Ϻ ߺ       KKKKKJJK撋JKJJJJKKKKKqnxx  UJGFCкϷ Ck2 к   öήܨGKKKKKKJJJKKJKy]q|k]- KK瘌KKJJFBз  ¿ F ϿϷ /      ÷GJKJKKKKKKJKKKKU  猌KJGFз߷ ޾ G ϾϺϺк ʨ̫KJKJKKKJKKKKqk ]  ú KKJG  κ޶п  yGy кϺ %޷   ޳ͱͫKKKFKJG|k Ϻ о KKJGFC   оޱ޸  ⋛ ϺϾ ɪˤ  д ݰαͯJJJK|nkxGKKJJJJGC|n   kKKKKGDCC;8  Ϸδ п KK  по ߷޴    ؚK ^yyyyyyy;y8sb% Ͼо пп  GKKKKGGy þ  з  J Ͼߺʹ %   ͫ既-8y; %% Ͼ CCy;FFCCC  пÿп þ к αоϾ K    ̯  GK ͪԛKD2 ! ޴  ¿¿о  ޴̭ GJ Ϻˤ% ߺ  2xJKKq׾ƛJ| !    о¿п ޱͱ Ͼ FG8 ߺ ̫ɤۤ CK|ޱśKF/ 8 Uޯ  к  ¾ппп ͫ  ή !ڤۤ  ;KG|׺ǚ旗K|/] ;/ п Ϻ кͮ п¾м к̭ J  ок̯ۤ٣  88;{GB?{FKᴴכK|kk8C;  п ̩ ¾ппͭ F ޷ к̴ߺ!!U  8:{CA>;syC қ旗旗vnC:kCFC;k̯ пп ޴ͩʯ оþͱ  ϾK޷ޱ ݨߺ  8;;{JA=>@;yBC޶޶śK|ixxx;yFFD?ޯ з ¿¾ ʨɪ  ͩ м  Ͽ F  ηδ 9;?{{K><@@=A|yDѷθŚndf|v:JGGFF2- оо поϿ ͩʟ ´ʨ þͪ ¾ľJFίоͨ 9:;;?=ADI~<<:?=HIE>9969s;vsy{CCnbnCv ;G  ̩ͩʦ۟ ÷ͪͪ J-޴ ̨#- ::;;=?ACDDIH~:965m9sn8;;߳K扒Kniitx ;s8k]  ̩ɟʫô˩ʟɫ̮д F-ηʫ޺ 2::;?=;==BEHHD>965m7s:8m:8 ޶GG|kvn  Ͼ иʩʟʤͳ˧˟Ͱ̮ 8;8δܫߺ  99:;;;;s9;AC;45ms:?αθ޶xx旌KDJFyydx|2  /U  ͨʨ˟ɤʧ̻ ˩˫ʪy4mUܨ߷ ޫ   9::;9m7;??;94m9k:By θqiqtDGs8kk;{xbtyf -&  зʧʩʟ˟ʨ˟˪˫ ޸̮Cys,#"!̫! :99:9942245788վγ޳Knn|8{y8kk8{FCb*yv: -/##޷޺   ʪʟͱʨͫκ ̨8fm=^OO+! 9992224748ζKKx^DCy{2|FK]%xx/̯ ʨʩʟʪ к  ί :]n^ &#޴ڤ!ݴ 2224дޱ旗KKK{i]b{KJJF;8;CJKF O] ]  ͫ ̮  ʨʟɦޱʨ̫ о     Cf]fx[ ""$޴ߺ 225к敕GGJKKKKKKJKK|qb]tKKCB2;CHJKJf#%  ̯Ͷ ʬ ͨͱ ʨʩʦɤݨ̫ к  δ ߷ 8//t ߷̴ۨ ߺ 2дGKGCFGJKFK敗xbKKG::FJJJ+]  ʨ̩ͨʮ˟ɥޱ̨ͫ޳  --{Ia', %!!!ۨ 222ޱKKKKGGKKqb]xGCxkHKJKJF+] ̦˩ɨʨ̯͟˟ɦ˧޴    - y?CB+,, !  222 GJGGKKDyxFyfXk|yy FKJKF{   ̪ɨ˧˧ͻ ʩɩ ɩɦͫ   -. 2/489;B@{C.!!     2222GJJKKJGGFF|v:yx/(-k FDy ] ͯޭʰޱɤʪ ʩ ɟʦɟͭ޴Ϻ  .+?/:?ABBB@./ 2222222249к GGD{?8k2 k  ͪͮʧ˧ʨɨ̱ ɧ˪ɟ  .++,.--C4/19?BFE=ί!U    222 022 к;yyyy;:: ޺     α%ʧʟʟɰ ɨ ɟ˪ͧ    +./../81aECy2.! ߾  2 223248?Fŷ8      ίʭʟɤ ʨʫ ޫʧʩͯ    ,//--]m?;k4;EEF?m..ϸδߴ! ߺߺ  214222522;:y?CFҴ    ޯͪͩɟɤɧˮ ̯   .,/2:|y:=CFB>m/%δϺ߾ Ϻ 23352556448yA;@?CJ       ̯ ʧ̟ʟ ۟˯̨   ..1/`ky;?DF2 / !+  ;2324559459?CCC@8q  ߺ޺Ϻ о η  ޴ ]߱˪̪˨ͫ޳ ͨʨ̫   -.+.12kv?{|DFC  U Ωߺ   :22355557k:AEHC8 ¡ǯ     к   ޺ ˪ʩ ݨ̪%    -.-m4s{{FC8 ߸ߺϺ   :4454:;FGGJ q      з  ޴  ήʟʪ޸ͯʟʩͱ ̩ͪ       421a2;Cyk   ! δκ  24::;?|y| ǟ˯  /    ޷  ɟ˫ͪͰ ˧ͭ ̨̩ͱ      `mCC=/  ί̴/ڤ 222249888; ξ˪ͫ %       !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~  к к з޴͟  úп б̩ʪ   ߺ    /JB   дߴ٤ 38:999;??=Ayf2 ܩ˟#髴 д  к ޸޸ʦ˪ͫͫ¿ ݨ̨̮Ϻߺ   / 8  ߷    359999:;;;;?;>@ADfP/ ˟ UU# о ˫ͫ   и ݭ޺ް̨ͯ˪оп оݨ!ʨ ߺ     8/.  ߴδ߷  9933999999:;;;y;y@DDHi θ   %˪ ͯ  ޴ ̯ͦͩޱ޳˩ ú޴ʫϺ    -+ 88--ߺ  ߺ η޴ߴ޺ 2;357::9999::?>>@@BCDIJIIGD٣߸ߴ޷%# ͫ˪˪  ޳̫ۨޱ˫ д̨!ʫ ηϷ   +/.- 2y /  - δߴߺ ߺ  9??93233k:::::::<<@@ADGF?s鸴q % ̪ͫ  ߸ бܨݨ̱˪ ޴ ޴ʫ /+/-, ;Cs;   #ߺ߾  29?;23335m9n99:;>>?>@@@EE;4誰q ޴ ̪!ͯ ͫ ۨʩ˪޸ κ δ ++-+  Cy|/ ߺ "ۤ޴޴-޴ߺ ߺ ߺ 26332335789999:;>@@@@ED;2αʧͥ P˯ ͫͪ к оʩ ޯ к!̯ͱ߷ ]-&#/U+.|F| ߺ/ #κߴ   22223f223789989987s:>>@EEEEDDCy޸!! о %˪ ͪͯ þ к ʟͱͯ޴ ޱ о޴ݨθ !!̫ʯ̫ߴ   / -+'+++/ yy:xyyb/ -"޴--޴-ߺ߾  201310233225k78:s9ss9;>@EHC?>{޸  . ˟ ˪  ޴к̨̫ͯͩ д ɦ "αߴ  /+- -%+&&+-+":;:sv}{y++   "" "޴-޴ a_3333445779999s>9EEE9޶γ  ˟ ͪ˫ д Ͼ ʟʫήʪ޸޴ о̯з ݨ޺ ݨ""ʩ q22-U-/&%+++28yvBk/% "'+UU#"+---- ߺ 2a12232222m444m9s99:>>9޸  кͪ˪   к !ʩʩ ʨ̴ϺϾϷ ̨̨ͯۨ з!y 8;]/UU[-R#O&%+2 kxwb-+-!"#" !"#!###- 1012433354455m777?/.߸ ߺ  ˪   Ϻ޴ͯ޳ͩͯ޷ ͟ʩϸ д̳ͩۨ Ϻ!"!޷ߴx8[WX(#PyCk;v5W+ +M""N"-/ ߺ  22222224mm997m9DCߴ  о ˪  дͫ α ʫɦ ɨ ̩ۨ Ψ!!#޴  敗GCGn*+/]kGGyy828Fn=wa'( M "M"! !# !   42442222447979:99:;Kq  ú   ީ иʤɫήۨ޴ !ݨʹ"!!   q敢梢KG8a.ksFGFB:GsmhW'(++""&P" ""##!/  ߺ 2422222445989::>;>E    ñ  ɤɨϾ ʩݮϺ̨ͨ!!!% 敢拕KkyFD82?JKGtib((*(%(%!U "!"#+     24122444597:;>>?EJK   ޹   ޯͨʩɩ ̨Ͼб!ݪ˨]!#ߺUGGDCDFC FKJJC{pZTSR% /!!"-  ߺ  +2424m9n;:>=A@F  ú ̭˦ͱ к ݮϸޯ!(/"x旗旘KDD; CJJFD=;pTRR%T'+  & kk22  2'./.2225mm:s;@=~D  鯯 и ޱ ɨ Ͼок ͯδ ޷Ͼо̤޴UUJC;k2 FJJD=;8ppWOOO&# . U-%#U ;y;k244   4242424m89:s=>;>K ͯ ɫͩ Ϻ θ ߷Ͼ +!#!/a޷-]qGJD:8IFysk4h`SONMO%  ]/]8;||y8kkk    22222244498:::::7;AIҺq кͫͯͫ о  ʫ Ͼ Ϻ /!!U/̩޴%]G2?JJGC=8hfa^TN!MO%-  k8yyFFF|C;889 ,-22222222499999965vv= ǹ к̱ͫ˪ ̫޶ ϺߺϺо Ͼ  з2" !!"Ua`1η-#P 旗;2HJHB;2babUMMLN&   :|GGFFD{y8k22248:899875654kmK  к ˫˪  пϾϾ Ϻ Ϻ  --U%!!Phfaaa̫δ Uyk2HHJH:22TM U  k8yFKJF{;888;;:022'288::982mkxx ʟͫͫ˪ к ʨ Ϻо з -+ %481- !"+]a[W./&޷ߺ朚G|8y;GJJHH?9f00%((!"  28;CFJKKF{?yy;;8421+38::8m553348k{KJ q %˪ ̟ʯ Ϻ ߺ Ϻ -/// %8s4]U%"#`ZYVW.-+޷ U K|GGJJHH@?<2a]R#!-.+8yCDGGKKKKGGFDCA?{?;;?82 2:984242235k8{  ͫ˟˫˪˪ ͯ ϾϺϺϺ .-// #%9s.'%!"#P[YYVVY.,U"޴ߺ ޴ GKKGKKDC>;?:98 W%%%#! .2;CGJJJKKDCCBACBBBB?:-- 294422225222599;  ͪʟͯ˯ ̫̱ͫ ߺߺ ϺϺ ߺ//.[+!&5mh/UU("!%[WYVVW/a-!  ߺ 8KGG99;;;9 -&%&+888yGKKKKKIHHDDECCECB;822+.9223222599:<>yACy2  ̪̪ͪ˪˫˪˪޳ оͫ ߾к   ߺϺ `,,--%N'b43f/.!"! U]`_YVWa2/"# KKKGC:8:8;B,!!!!!!-8JKKIIIDCCCBCCBk2-24242224459